Basic structure and function of CNC milling machine

CNC milling machine is a kind of CNC machine tool with strong processing function. At present, the rapidly developing machining centers and flexible machining units are all based on CNC milling machines and CNC boring machines, both of which are inseparable from milling methods. Because the CNC milling process is the most complex and the technical problems to be solved are the most, people have always focused on milling when researching and developing software for CNC systems and automatic programming languages.

1. Basic structure of CNC milling machine

CNC milling machine CNC milling machine has various forms. Although different types of CNC milling machine are different in composition, they have many similarities. The following takes the XK5040A CNC vertical lift table milling machine as an example to introduce its composition. ⅪSaw 040A CNC vertical lift table milling machine is equipped with IV four 3MA CNC system, which adopts full digital AC servo drive. The machine consists of 6 main parts. That is, the bed part, the milling head part, the worktable part, the transverse feed part, the lifting table part, the cooling and lubricating part. The internal layout of the bed is reasonable and has good rigidity. There are 4 adjusting bolts on the base to facilitate the horizontal adjustment of the machine tool. The cutting fluid storage tank is located inside the machine base.

2. Main functions of CNC milling machine

(1) Point control function: The point control of CNC milling machine is mainly used for hole processing of workpieces, such as center drilling positioning, drilling, reaming, countersinking, reaming and boring and other hole processing operations.

(2) Continuous control function: Through the linear interpolation, circular interpolation or complex curve interpolation movement of the CNC milling machine, the plane and curved surfaces of the workpiece are milled.

(3) Tool radius compensation function: If you program directly according to the contour of the workpiece, when machining the inner contour of the workpiece, the actual contour will be larger by a tool radius value; when machining the outer contour of the workpiece, the actual contour will be smaller by a tool radius value. Using the tool radius compensation method, the CNC system automatically calculates the tool center trajectory, so that the tool center deviates from the workpiece contour by a tool radius value, so as to process the contour that meets the requirements of the drawing. Using the tool radius compensation function to change the tool radius compensation amount, it can also compensate for the amount of tool wear and machining errors, and realize rough machining and finishing of the workpiece.

(4) Tool length compensation function: changing the compensation amount of the tool length can compensate the length deviation value after the tool is changed, and can also change the plane position of the cutting process to control the axial positioning accuracy of the tool.

(5) Canned cycle processing function: The application of canned cycle processing instructions can simplify the processing program and reduce the programming workload.

(6) Subprogram function: If the workpiece has the same or similar shape, write it into a subprogram and call it from the main program, which simplifies the program structure. The function of citing subprograms makes the machining program modularized, divided into several modules according to the process of the machining process, which are respectively written into subprograms, which are called by the main program to complete the machining of the workpiece. This modular program is convenient for processing debugging and optimizing processing technology.

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